Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Pregnancy alters the natural history of autoimmune thyroid disorders. The incidence rate of positive thyroid antibodies (T-abs +) in asymptomatic women during pregnancy has been reported to be between 6 and 19.6%.Aim: To determine the prevalence of thyroid antibodies (T-abs) in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM).Subjects & Method: In 408 women, at the time of diagnose of GDM, TSH, free thyroxine, free tri-iodothyro...

Class 2a HDACs (i.e. HDAC 4, 5, 7 and 9) are involved in the regulation of gluconeogenesis and accordingly, their inhibition has been shown to result in lower blood glucose and improved pyruvate tolerance in diabetic mice. However, pan-inhibition of HDACs is not a viable approach for chronic treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to induction of severe side effects in various tissues. We now have investigated in vitro and in vivo efficacy and safety of a live...

Background: Thyroid nodules represent a common clinical finding and their prevalence is increasing worldwide. However, the most recent international guidelines do not give indications on the need to retest adults with previous negative neck ultrasound (US).Aim: To evaluate the incidence of thyroid US abnormalities in patients with previous negative thyroid US and identify patient’s characteristics able to predict the risk of developing thyroid disea...

IntroductionPost parathyroidectomy cure in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is defined as normocalcemia six months after surgery. The frequency of persistent or recurrent post-surgical disease according to lengthy follow-up studies varies between 1% and 14%.ObjectiveTo determine if there is a subset of patients with cure criteria 6–12 months after parathyroidectomy that would not require long-term foll...

IntroductionThe association of autoimmune, nodular or neoplastic thyroid disease and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has been reported in 17 to 84% of cases. In the surgical treatment of PHPT, simultaneous thyroidectomy may be necessary to optimize surgical access and / or when there is abnormal thyroid pathology. On the other hand, an incomplete diagnosis in the previous study of PHPT increases the risk of not removing clinically significant thyroid ...

Background: The use of prophylactic central neck dissection, especially for low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer, is still very variable from center to center. Obviously, central dissection does allow more complete staging of cancer, including identification of metastases not detectable on preoperative ultrasound. However, it could lead to higher risk of hypoparathyroidism. Above all, it is not entirely clear whether the identification of metastases of the central compartmen...

Introduction: Paired box gene 8 (PAX8) is a key transcription factor required both for normal fetal thyroid development and maintenance of the differentiated thyroid phenotype, mediating transcriptional activation of SLC5A5, TG, and TPO, and synergizing with NKX2-1 at the TG promoter. Heterozygous PAX8 mutations are a rare but well-recognized cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) due to thyroid dysgenesis (TD), and are classically associated with thyroid hypoplasia. However,...

About 50% of women have nausea and vomiting during pregnancy. In about 35% of women who have these symptoms, nausea and vomiting are clinically significant, worsening their living conditions and consisting in a case of gender gap. The severe form, hyperemesis gravidarum, ranges from 0.3 to 1.0% of cases and is characterized by persistent vomiting, gestational thyrotoxicosis, weight loss of more than 5%, ketonuria, hypokalemia and dehydration, although the pathophysiological me...

Background: Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas are commonly diagnosed as large tumors. Most are detected incidentally during imaging studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical presentation, characteristics and outcome of nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas incidentally (NFPMI) discovered.Methods: Twenty-seven patients (mean age 58.9 years, 45–82; 18 males:9 females) with NFPMI were studied. They represent 13.1% of NFPM followed in our...

Introduction: Hypothyroidism treatment is classically based on levothyroxine (LT4). However, 10% of hypothyroid patients treated with LT4 complain of hypothyroidism symptoms, despite normal thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) serum levels. This ”peripheral hypothyroidism” has been linked to decreased availability of free triiodothyronine (fT3), likely related to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in deiodinase genes (DIO), reducing enzymatic activity. Since...